Introduction
Dataset
Description of Variables
“First Attempts” Geo Plots
Baseline EDA of Income and Population
Population Histogram and QQ
Income Histogram and QQ
## [1] "26139.73"## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 128 18776 24730 26140 32247 56040 3589## [1] 10274.98Individual EDA of independent variables.
## Observations per group: 18417, 17756, 22780, 13244. 1064 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[-0.827,-0.256]",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## -0.8272 -0.2556 0.0152 -0.0866 0.1376 0.3550 1064
## Observations per group: 18061, 18704, 20888, 14544. 1064 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[-0.0444,0.0135]",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## -0.0444 0.0135 0.0803 0.0641 0.1064 0.2450 1064
## Observations per group: 19180, 17739, 17836, 17442. 1064 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[-0.457,-0.223]",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## -0.4569 -0.2228 -0.0737 -0.1511 -0.0322 0.0715 1064
## Observations per group: 18164, 19958, 16580, 17495. 1064 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[-0.37,-0.0602]",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## -0.3702 -0.0602 0.0634 0.0646 0.1767 0.4024 1064
## Observations per group: 18440, 17906, 18395, 17456. 1064 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[-0.814,-0.102]",..: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## -0.8136 -0.1021 0.0652 -0.0224 0.1637 0.4614 1064
## Observations per group: 18765, 18330, 18095, 17970. 101 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,5.1]","(5.1,7.7]",..: 2 4 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.000 5.100 7.700 9.028 11.400 100.000 101
## Observations per group: 18379, 18323, 18173, 18281. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,24.1]","(24.1,32.6]",..: 3 1 2 2 4 2 1 3 2 2 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.0 24.1 32.6 34.8 43.8 100.0 105
## Observations per group: 18303, 18828, 17766, 18259. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,20.1]","(20.1,23.8]",..: 2 2 2 3 1 4 3 4 3 1 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.00 20.10 23.80 23.95 27.50 100.00 105
## Observations per group: 18672, 18068, 18275, 18141. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,13.5]","(13.5,17.9]",..: 2 4 4 3 2 2 4 1 2 2 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.0 13.5 17.9 19.1 23.6 100.0 105
## Observations per group: 18588, 18209, 18113, 18246. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,5]","(5,8.4]",..: 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.000 5.000 8.400 9.295 12.500 100.000 105
## Observations per group: 18566, 18226, 18085, 18279. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,7.1]","(7.1,11.8]",..: 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 4 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.00 7.10 11.80 12.86 17.40 100.00 105
## Observations per group: 19155, 17839, 18195, 17967. 105 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,3.6]","(3.6,5.5]",..: 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.000 3.600 5.500 6.227 8.100 100.000 105
## Observations per group: 18430, 18252, 18303, 18276. 0 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,0.7]","(0.7,3.7]",..: 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.00 0.70 3.70 13.27 14.40 100.00
## Observations per group: 18472, 18246, 18233, 18310. 0 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,2.4]","(2.4,7]",..: 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.00 2.40 7.00 16.86 20.40 100.00
## Observations per group: 20124, 17253, 17651, 18233. 0 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,0.2]","(0.2,1.4]",..: 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.00 0.20 1.40 4.59 4.80 91.30
## Observations per group: 18351, 18331, 18285, 18294. 0 missing.## Factor w/ 4 levels "[0,39.4]","(39.4,71.4]",..: 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 ...
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.00 39.40 71.40 62.03 88.30 100.00
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7279 0.4000 100.0000
Correlations
!! full2015_varofInterest
## corrplot 0.84 loaded
Scatter PLots
ANOVA
!! full_2015_varOfInterest
## Call:
## aov(formula = IncomePerCap ~ EthnicPlurality, data = anova_dat)
##
## Terms:
## EthnicPlurality Residuals
## Sum of Squares 1.632113e+12 5.681161e+12
## Deg. of Freedom 4 69566
##
## Residual standard error: 9036.911
## Estimated effects may be unbalanced
## 3589 observations deleted due to missingness## [1] "coefficients" "residuals" "effects" "rank"
## [5] "fitted.values" "assign" "qr" "df.residual"
## [9] "na.action" "contrasts" "xlevels" "call"
## [13] "terms" "model"## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## EthnicPlurality 4 1.632e+12 4.080e+11 4996 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals 69566 5.681e+12 8.167e+07
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 3589 observations deleted due to missingness
## Call:
## aov(formula = IncomePerCap ~ WorkPlurality, data = anova_dat)
##
## Terms:
## WorkPlurality Residuals
## Sum of Squares 2.642140e+12 4.671134e+12
## Deg. of Freedom 6 69564
##
## Residual standard error: 8194.432
## Estimated effects may be unbalanced
## 3589 observations deleted due to missingness## [1] "coefficients" "residuals" "effects" "rank"
## [5] "fitted.values" "assign" "qr" "df.residual"
## [9] "na.action" "contrasts" "xlevels" "call"
## [13] "terms" "model"## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## WorkPlurality 6 2.642e+12 4.404e+11 6558 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals 69564 4.671e+12 6.715e+07
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 3589 observations deleted due to missingness
Chi Squared Tests
| Work | Ethnicity | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian | Black | Hispanic | Native | White | ||
| Construction |
0 18 |
31 104 |
639 137 |
1 3 |
358 767 |
1029 1029 |
| Error |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
| Office |
128 192 |
1562 1087 |
2197 1424 |
17 30 |
6811 7982 |
10715 10715 |
| Production |
19 70 |
480 398 |
993 521 |
6 11 |
2422 2920 |
3920 3920 |
| Professional |
927 851 |
2345 4803 |
2506 6294 |
114 131 |
41474 35287 |
47366 47366 |
| SelfEmployed |
0 0 |
0 1 |
1 2 |
0 0 |
11 9 |
12 12 |
| Service |
240 174 |
2744 983 |
3273 1288 |
49 27 |
3388 7222 |
9694 9694 |
| Unemployment |
0 8 |
257 43 |
113 56 |
15 1 |
39 316 |
424 424 |
| Total |
1314 1314 |
7419 7419 |
9722 9722 |
202 202 |
54503 54503 |
73160 73160 |
χ2=NaN · df=28 · Cramer’s V=NaN · Fisher’s p=0.000 |
observed values
expected values
Regression
##Exhaustive Search
## Reordering variables and trying again:
## [1] "np" "nrbar" "d" "rbar" "thetab" "first"
## [7] "last" "vorder" "tol" "rss" "bound" "nvmax"
## [13] "ress" "ir" "nbest" "lopt" "il" "ier"
## [19] "xnames" "method" "force.in" "force.out" "sserr" "intercept"
## [25] "lindep" "reorder" "nullrss" "nn" "call"
## [1] 14
## [1] 13
## [1] 12
Forward Selection
## Reordering variables and trying again:
Backward Selection
Now backwards (nvmax=10 and nbest=2)
## Reordering variables and trying again:
Sequential Replacement seqrep
## Reordering variables and trying again:
